Styrylquinolinium compositions used as anthelmintics



United States Patent 3,152,642 STYRYLQUlNGLiNIUl i CQMPGSHIGNS USED AS AN'll-lELh/HNTECS Irwin E. Wood, Hopewell, .iohn A. Panlravieh, Hamilton Square, and Ronald E. Bamhury, Trenton, N1, assignors to American Cyanm d Company, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Maine No Drawing. Filed Jan. 25, 1962, Ser. No. 169,683 8 Claims. (Cl. 1677-53) This invention relates to new compositions of matter and methods of administration. More particularly, it relates to substituted styrylquinolinium compounds and a carrier, useful in the control and treatment of helminthiases in warm blooded animals.

The losses due to helminth infections in livestock total millions of dollars annually. Therefore, an effective anthelmintic composition at a comparatively low cost is I highly desirable in the practice of animal husbandry.

The new compositions of the present invention have as the active ingredient styrylquinolinium compounds of the formula:

in which R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen and lower dialkylarnino groups, R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl radicals, R" is lower alkyl and X is an anion. The styryl side chain is attached to the substituted quinoline in the 2 or 4 position. The anions may be for example, chlo ride, iodide, bromide, ROSO wherein R is alkyl, etc.

We have found that our new compositions of matter are highly eflicacious and possess advantages over currently used anthelmintics. For example, the new compositions of this invention are effective against the migrating larval stages of the swine roundworm, Ascaris smart, and thus prevent extensive liver damage and verminous pneumonia and loss of Weight in swine. On the other hand, the anthelnn'ntics in commercial use are ineffective against the larval stage of ascarids which cause more morbidity and mortality than the adult stages in swine, particularly in young pigs.

The new compositions of this invention are highly effective against larval as Well as the adult stages of hookworm and against ascarids in dogs whereas the majority of current therapeutic agents are effective against adult worms only.

A great deal of the mortality, morbidity and other pathology from hookworm infections is caused by severe anemia resulting from the bloodsucking of the immature hookworms in the prepatent stages of infections. The currently used anthelmintics do not prevent mortality resulting from the severe infections of young worms because those treatments are effective only against the adults. The efiective doses of the compounds in this invention eliminate the larvae before they are sucking blood. When the active ingredients of this invention are given in low level repeated daily doses in feed, they serve as a prophylactic control against helminths such as ascarids, hookworm and other helminths in warm blooded animals.

The new compositions are highly active when admin istered in various ways such as in feed stuffs, capsules, by drench and various pharmaceutical forms hereinafter described.

Anthelmintic compositions of this invention have been found to be eifective against the gastrointestinal helminths of sheep. An oral drench containing 2.57 grams of 1- methyl-Z- (p dimethylaminostyryl) quinolinium iodide 3,152,042 Patented Oct. 6., 1964 (equivalent to mg./kg. of body weight) was effective in eliminating whipworms, Triclzuris ovis, from a naturally infected sheep.

, The active component of the new compositions can be present in amounts from 10 mg. to 40 g., however, the preferred range is from about 20 mg. to 30 g., in an edible carrier depending upon the animal to be treated and the mode of administration. When the edible carrier is animal feed, the active ingredient should not exceed 0.2% of the total daily ration. The compositions also contain various pharmaceutical carriers which may be, for ex ample, non-toxic liquid solvents, gums, cellulose gums, processed proteins such as soy and peanut, various cereals such as wheat germ, rice flour, potato flour, corn and feed stuff per se.

We have found that long term continuous administration in the feed of livestock or farm animals is often desirable for keeping worm infection under control and to act as a prophylactic measure in keeping animals in good condition.

The preparation of most of these compounds are described in the chemical literature, for example, I. Am. Chem. Soc. 77, 1687 (1955), and hereinafter in the examples.

The following examples illustrate representative methods by which the active components of the present compositions can be prepared.

EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of J-Methyl-Z-(p-Dimethylaminostyryl)- Quinolinium Chloride l-methylquinaldinium chloride (77.5 g.), p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (59.7 g.), 350 ml. of ethyl alcohol and 1 ml. of piperidine as catalyst are refluxed for 15 hours. At the end of this time the solution is allowed to cool somewhat and ml. of ethyl acetate is added to reduce the solubility of the product. After the solution cools to room temperature, the first crop of crystal line product (23.6 g.) is filtered off and the second crop of crystals (35.8 g.) recovered by reducing the volume of the mother liquor. A third crop (22.8 g.) is recovered from the mother liquor residue. The three crops of crystals are combined and crystallized three times, first from ethanol and ethyl acetate, then from chloroform and ethyl acetate and finally from methanol and dioxane, yielding a product analytically pure.

EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of J-Methyl-Z-(p-Dimethylaminostyryl)- Quinolinium Iodide Using the methods outlined in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77, 1687 (1955), and those described in Helv. Chim. Acta. 18, 1395-1413 (1935), the above compound is prepared as follows. One-half mole quantity each of l-methylquinaldiniurn iodide and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde are refluxed in 500 ml. of alcohol for 12 hours using 1 ml. of piperidine as a catalyst. The reaction mixture is then allowed to cool and the product filtered, yielding 150 g. of the crystalline material.

EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of 1-Methyl-2-(p-Dimethylaminostyryl)- Quinolinium Methyl Sulfate 1-methylquinaldinium methyl sulfate (80.8 g.) and pdimethylaminobenzaldehyde (44.7 g.) are refluxed in 500 ml. of ethanol for 24 hours. The mixture is chilled and the first crop of crystals filtered off. A second crop is obtained by reducing the volume of the mother liquor. The two crops are combined (total 90 g.) and recrystallized twice from ethanol yielding a product which analyses as the desired product.

3 EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of J-Methyl-Z-(p-Diethylaminostyryl)- Quinolinium Chloride p-Diethylaminobenzaldehyde (17.7 g.), l-methyl quinaldinium chloride (19.4 g.) and 1 ml. of piperidine are added to 100 ml. of ethanol and the mixture refluxed for 24 hours. The solution is then added to 1000 ml. of dioxane and the solution is boiled for 10 minutes, then chilled. Sufiicient ether is added to the chilled solution 19 to cause precipitation and the crystals which precipitate ,4 0.015% of the drug were highly effective in preventing damage to liver and lungs and eliminating the larvae in the small intestine. The untreated pigs showed severe pathologic condition of liver and lungs and a large num- 5 her of larvae, at necropsy. The control animals also de- TABLE I.THE ANTHELMINTIO EFFECTS OF l-IVIEIHYLZ-(P-DIMETHYLAMINOSTYRYL) QUINOLINIUM CHLORIDE AGAINST LARVAL STAGES OF ASC'ARIS SUUllI IN PIGS Daily close in swine feed Effectiveness Liver damage Lung damage Control of larvae in intestine Mg./kg. Average No. of N0. of of body percent days a pigs weight of diet Av. No. Percent Percent Percent;

of spots reduction Amount reduction Av. No. reduction on liver a Treatment started one day before inoculation of pigs With approximately 50,000 infective eggs of A. suum b Untreated control. c Severe.

are filtered oif. Additional crops are obtained by reducing the volume of the mother liquor bringing the total yield to 15 g. Elemental analysis established the identity of the product.

The following examples illustrate the novel antilarval effect of the treatment and compositions of this invention as well as their adulticidal effect against various helminths.

EXAMPLE 5 to inoculation and repeated for three days.

, The following Table I shows the high degree of larvacidal effectiveness of 1-methyl-2-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)- quinolinium chloride against destructive migrating larvae TABLE II.--THE EFFECTS EXAMPLE 6 Experimental evidence demonstrated that the reduction in the amount of liver pathology caused by migrating 35 Ascaris larvae in pigs is an effective means of evaluating 0F STYRYLQUINOLINIUM COMPOUNDS IN REDUCING LIVER DAMAGE CAUSED BY MIGRATING LARVAE OF ASCARIS SUUAI IN SWINE CH=CHR Daily dose N (mg/kg, Approx. Percent Compound body Weight) percent reduction 3 X- in feed for daily diet of liver three days damage* Substituents Position of styryl group R R R X N(CH:4)a 2 25 12. 5 0. 03 0.015 96 99+ N(CHa)2 2 25 94 N(CHa)z H 2 5 004 98 N (CH3)2..- 4 25 03 77 N (0113);. H 2 12. 5 6. 25 .015 007 74 N(CHs)2 2 12.5 5 .015 004 73 N(CzHs)2 2 12. 5 015 99 N(CzH5)2 2 12. 5 015 98 N(C3H5)2 2 25 12. 5 03 015 89 78 Cl 2 B 75 *Compared with untreated controls. Figures to right are for daily doses and percent diet shown at right of preceding columns.

a 9 days of medicated feed. b 15 days of medicated feed.

of Ascaris mum in pigs. Data were obtained with pigs that had been experimentally infected with about 50,000 infective eggs. Treatment, in experimental groups, was given continuously in the total daily ration starting one day before inoculation. Concentrations EXAMPLE 7 Tests with dogs experimentally infected with 100-200 hookworms and treated on various days after inoculation of 0.03 and 75 show that the compositions of this invention are highly 6 EXAMPLE 8 Experimental data involving other experimentally hookworm infected dogs show that a number of different compositions of the invention possess antihookworrn activity both as single therapeutic treatments and repeated prophylactic treatment against adults and larvae. Their relative activities are compared in Table IV.

TABLE ZVTHE EFFECTS OF STYRYLQUINOLINIUM COIMPOSITIONS OF THIS INVENTION AGAINST LARVAL AND ADULT STAGES OF THE HOOKWORM, AA CYLOSTOAIA CANINUM, IN DOGS Effectiveness Irelative t l-Inet y -2- p- CLCHQ R l fil l quino inium e on e \V [Table 111] Compound R X- Single oral Repeated Substituents Position dose in doses in of styryl capsule feed against group against adults and R R X adult worms larvae N(CH3)2--- H Cl 2 1.0 1.0

I-.. 2 0.75 0.75 CHSS O4--. 2 0. 0. 75 N(CH3)2 H I 2 0.5 N(CH3)z CH3- I 2 1.0 0. 5 1 Cl ll Cl 2 0.5 0.2 Br H Cl 2 0.1 NI FT Fl CH! T 2 0.1 0. 1

8 Compared to minimal highly effective doses given in Table III.

EXAMPLE 9 In tests which involved dogs naturally infected with canine ascarids, the efiectiveness of the compounds of this invention against mature ascarids was demonstrated.

TABLE III.THE ANTHELIVIINTIC EFFECTS OF lI\IETHYL2-(P-DIIVIETH- YLA.MINOSTYRYL)-QUINOLINIUl /I CHLORIDE \VORM, ANCYL OSTOMA. CANINUlM', IN DOGS AGAINST THE HOOK- 5 Commercial canned dog feed, unless otherwise indicated. More than.

Method of administration Parasitic larval stages Daily Approx.

dose, percent Number Age of Average mgjkg. total of Number Bookworm percent (body wt.) diet daily Carrier 8 of infection worms doses dogs treated removed (days old) 15 1 2 7 98 5 01 3 2 6-8 5 01 5 2 1-5 99 5 01 5 2 6-10 99 1 002 10 6 1-10 82 2 005 10 9 1-10 90 4 .01 10 6 1-10 99 6 01 10 2 l-lO 99 Adult stages 5 1 Casule 6 28 97 2-2. 5 .005 7 5 28 99 4 01 7 2 28 100 a Table V presents this data showing the anti-ascarid activity of repeated low level and high level single doses of three analogs.

8 in which R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen and lower dialkylamino groups, R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and TABLE V.THE EFFECTS OF STYRYLQUINOLINIUM COMPOSITIONS OF THIS INVENTION AGAINST THE ASOARIDS, TOXOC'ARA CANIS AND TOXASC'ARIS LEONINA, IN DOGS Compound Dose Total No. ascarids i (Identi- No. dogs mgJkg. Percent N 0. doses Method 01 Percent fied in body total diet administration effec- Table II) weight Elimi- Retiveness nated tained A 2 20 04 30 Repeated doses All L--. 100 2 .03 30 do All 6 0 100 2 1O 02 0 do 0 100 2 0 0 0 Untreated contro 5 B 1 50 One dose, capsule. 3 63 2 5 01 5 Repeated doses B 13 4 77 E 2 50 One dose, capsule"--- 4 83 Once daily in feed. b Ascarids found in feces within first 3 days of 30 day treatment. c Ascarids found in feces Within first 13 days of 30 day treatment.

EXAMPLE 10 The compositions of this invention were found to be highly etfective against experimentally established infections of T richostrongylus colubriformis in sheep. Since the usual method or" treating sheep has been orally, by an aqueous drench suspension, the active compositions of this invention were so formulated and administered fol lowing a pretreatment drench of 1 cc. of 10% copper sulfate solution. The effect of each treatment was determined by a critical test in which the number of Worms eliminated in the feces of sheep is compared with the number retained in the animal at necropsy. Table VI shows the high degree of effectiveness of the compositions against this gastrointestinal nematode of sheep.

TABLE VI.EFFEOTS OF STYRYLQUINOLINIUM COMPO- SITIONS OF THIS INVENTION AGAINST TRIC'HOSTRON- GYLUS COLUBRIFORIVIZS l'N SHEEP 1. An oral method of treatment useful in the prevention of economic losses due to larval ,helminths which invade domesticated warm blooded animals by the oral route comprising orally administering to said animals so invaded and infected a composition of 10 mg. to 40 g. of a styrylquinolinium compound having the formula:

methyl, R" is lower alkyl, X- is a physiologically acceptable anion and the styryl swbstituent being attached to the quinolinium ring at a position selected from the group consisting of 2 and 4, and an edible carrier.

2. An oral method of treatment in accordance with claim 1 in which the edible carrier is feed stuff and the concentration of active ingredient in the total daily ration does not exceed 0.2%.

3. A method in accordance with claim 1 in which the styrylquinolinium compound is l-methyl-Z-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-quinolinium iodide.

4. An oral method of treatment in accordance with claim 1 in which the styrylquinolinium cornrpound is 1- methyl-Z- (p-diethylaminostyryl quinolinium chloride.

5. An oral method of treatment in accordance with claim 1 in which the styrylquinolinium compound is 1- methyl-Z-(p-dimethylaminostyryl) quinolinium methyl sulfate.

6. An oral method of treatment in accordance with claim 1 in which the styrylquinolinium compound is 1- ethyl-2-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-quinolinium iodide.

7. An oral method of administration in accordance with claim 1 in which the styrylquinolinium compound is 1-ethy1-12-(p-diethylaminostyryl) quinolinium ethyl sulfate.

8. An oral method of treatment useful in the prevention of economic losses due to larval helminths which invade domesticated war-m blooded animals by the oral route which comprises orally administering -to said animals so invaded and infected a composition of 10 mg. to 40 g. of 1-methyl-2-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-quinolinium chloride and an edible carrier. i

References Cited in the file of this patent Peters: The I. of Pharmacology and Exptl. Therapeutics, February 1949, pp. 212 and 236-238.

Foley: Annals of the New York Acad. of Sci., vol. 76, 1958, pp. 413, 417-419, 440 and 441.

Chem. Abst. (Subj. Index), vol. 53, 1959, pp. 23998 and 24005. 

1. AN ORAL METHOD OF TREATMENT USEFUL IN THE PREVENTION OF ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO LARVAL HELMINTHS WHICH INVADE DOMESTICATED WARM BLOODED ANIMALS BY THE ORAL ROUTE COMPRISING ORALLY ADMINISTERING TO SAID ANIMALS SO INVADED AND INFECTED A COMPOSITION OF 10 MG. TO 40 G. OF A STYRYLQUINOLINIUM COMPOUND HAVING THE FORMULA: 